Mastectomy
What is Mastectomy
A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that involves the removal of one or both breasts, most commonly performed as a treatment for breast cancer. In some cases, it is also carried out as a preventive (prophylactic) measure for individuals who are at very high risk of developing breast cancer due to genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2.
Detailed Overview
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Mastectomy is most frequently recommended when breast cancer is widespread within the breast, when multiple tumors are present in different areas, or when radiation therapy is not a suitable option.
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Total (Simple) Mastectomy: Removes the entire breast, including the nipple and areola, without removing lymph nodes.
Modified Radical Mastectomy: Removes the entire breast along with some axillary lymph nodes.
Radical Mastectomy: Rarely performed today, removes breast tissue, chest wall muscles, and lymph nodes.
Skin-Sparing Mastectomy: Preserves most of the breast skin for reconstruction.
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Mastectomy is performed under general anesthesia and typically takes two to four hours. The surgeon removes the breast tissue and may perform a sentinel lymph node biopsy to check for cancer spread.
Risks and Complications
Potential risks include:
Infection and bleeding
Seroma (fluid buildup)
Numbness or changes in sensation
Limited arm movement or lymphedema
Scarring and delayed wound healing
Emotional and Psychological Considerations
Mastectomy can have a significant emotional impact. Feelings of anxiety, sadness, or changes in body image are common. Counseling, support groups, and open communication with family and healthcare providers can be crucial in coping with these challenges.