Upper gastrointestinal tract (Upper GI)
The upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract consists of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). These organs work together to perform the initial stages of digestion: breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and moving food toward the lower GI tract for further processing
Disorders of the upper GI tract are common and can range from mild conditions such as acid reflux (GERD), indigestion, and gastriti.
Diagnostic evaluation of the upper GI tract often involves:
Endoscopy: Directly visualizes the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, allowing detection of inflammation, ulcers, tumors, or other abnormalities.
Imaging studies: X-rays (barium swallow), CT scans, or MRI to examine structural changes.
Biopsy: Taking tissue samples during endoscopy if there is suspicion of cancer or other serious conditions.
Hernia Surgery
A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak spot in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue. In the context of the upper GI tract, hernias often involve the diaphragm (as in a hiatal hernia, where part of the stomach pushes up into the chest) or the abdominal wall
